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in english, roughly
…
buffalo is unusually load-bearing. It is at once a noun (the bison), the plural form of that same noun, a proper noun (the city in upstate New York, used here as a modifier — "bison from Buffalo"), and a transitive verb meaning to intimidate. The five-word sentence Buffalo buffalo Buffalo buffalo buffalo is already grammatical. The trick is that any noun phrase NP can be wrapped by a reduced relative clause: NP that NP buffalo — also written NP NP buffalo. That wrap is itself a noun phrase, so it can be wrapped again. And again.
Switch the vocabulary to fish to drop the city and watch the
sentence get even denser per token. Source: linguistics transcript in
notes/linguistics transcript.md.